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Kuva-yi Milliye
Kuva-yi Milliye (meaning either ''National Forces''〔.〕〔.〕 or ''Nationalist Forces''〔.〕 in Ottoman Turkish) refers to the irregular Turkish militia forces〔 in the early period of the Turkish War of Independence. These irregular forces emerged after the occupation of the parts of Turkey by the Allied forces in accordance with the Armistice of Mudros. Later, ''Kuva-yi Milliye'' was integrated to the regular army (''Kuva-yi Nizamiye'')〔 of the Grand National Assembly. Some historians call this period (1918–20) of the Turkish War of Independence the "Kuva-yi Milliye phase".〔. Yılı Özel Sayısı.〕
== History ==
In the Armistice of Mudros, Ottoman Empire was divided between the Allies, where the Greeks occupied the west, the British occupied the capital and southeast, and the Italians and the French occupied the south of the country. The ''Kuva-yi Milliye'' were the first armed groups to defend the Ottomans' rights in Anatolia and Rumelia. The ''Kuva-yi Milliye'' consisted of deserted Ottoman army officers and militias. The ''Kuva-yi Milliye'' became active when the Greeks landed at Symrna (İzmir). People who opposed the partitioning of Anatolia by the unratified Treaty of Sèvres joined the resistance. The Franco-Turkish War was almost exclusively conducted by Kuva-yi Milliye units on the Turkish side. In western Anatolia, the ''Kuva-yi Milliye'' fought against the Greek Army by hit-and-run tactics until a regular army was set up. The resistance of the ''Kuva-yi Milliye'' slowed down the Greek advance in Anatolia.〔.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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